Mussorgsky's (1839-81) Night on Bald Mountain
was actually titled St. John's Night on the Bare Mountain. St.
John's Night, or St. John's Eve, is the night before the Feast of
St. John which happens to fall around the summer solstice. Eastern
Europeans have long celebrated it with a mixture of pagan
trick-or-treat traditions and religious observances and
bonfires. The history of the music is as tortured as Mussorgsky's
own life. The first version appeared in 1867 and was revised around
1872. He revised it again in 1880 and hoped to include it in the
opera Sorochintsy Fair. In this last version he added a
hauntingly beautiful quiet ending in which a church bell announces
the dawn and the chases away of the evil sprites.
After the
composer's death, Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) took it upon himself
to "improve" all of Mussorgsky's work (poor Mussorgsky!). He used
this last version for his re-orchestration. Night on Bald Mountain has
remained an audience favorite ever since its appearance in Walt
Disney's landmark movie, Fantasia.